The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America

The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America The United States of America is regularly viewed as the perfect of general testimonial by different nations around the globe. In any case, numerous American legislators activists despite everything contend that there is despite everything space for changes in some crucial zones of the government’s center units.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Constitutional rights on casting a ballot are in fact one of those segments that have been concurred extraordinary worry in the U.S. history (Donald, 1998). As it would be watched, the U.S. Constitution ensures for generally security of peoples’ freedoms, which are executed through the rule and necessity of the Bill of Rights. The crucial right of partaking in the democratic exercise, as we as a whole know, offers each American resident the chance to effectively participate in the republican ty pe of government inside the states. Clear triumphs are basic in the United States these days attributable to the large worries that are at present routed to the general common and casting a ballot rights. This paper gives a top to bottom framework of the historical backdrop of the democratic rights in the U.S. in respect with Constitutional changes that have been seen so far in the segment. All the more significantly, a portion of the significant difficulties to rise to and reasonable democratic confronting the nation at state, government, and neighborhood races are likewise talked about in this article. The issue with respect to the arrangement of social liberties shielding individuals from the impedance of government just as the arrangement of those social liberties which ensures individuals equivalent investment in a vote based world has consistently involved worry to numerous political researchers and activists. The American democratic rights has been a petulant issue in the cou ntry’s past. Qualification to partake in the democratic exercise can be controlled by both state and Federal law and by and by, just residents are qualified to cast a ballot in America. This notwithstanding, has not generally been the situation. At the point when the U.S. at last accomplished its autonomy in 1776, just a single class of individuals; white, property-possessing guys would appreciate an enormous voice in the administration (Bickel, 1966). The establishment was denied to ladies and every others of shading in the states.Advertising Looking for article on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would really raise a lot of worry as individuals began understanding the estimation of the lacking opportunity and gradually, a consistent walk towards achieving opportunity and equity for everybody would start coming about into significant alterations that would see different residents partaking in the critical exercise. The fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution was spent in the year 1886, offering the privilege of citizenship to previous slaves and transforming them to entire people of the nation (Dinnerstein and Reimers, 1975). Come in 1869, the fifteenth Amendment was passed permitting the dark men to participate in the democratic practice. Be that as it may, most ladies of all races were as yet unfit to assume a job in the activity. 1869 would likewise stamp the start of another time known as ‘Black Codes’ which set a limitation on the rights and opportunity of African Americans in different divisions, among them the opportunity to practice their entitlement to cast a ballot. Limitation techniques, for example, survey charges, scholarly tests, financial weights and danger of physical savagery proposed to stifle these classifications from casting a ballot were seen to be regular inside the Black Codes. This nonetheless, was a brief practice in the changing univer se of the U.S. legislative issues and with time, the Constitution would effectively make casting a ballot in the U.S. an activity for all. Activities to advance the job of ladies in the democratic exercise can be followed back to the 1770s through the mid 1800s. Different shows and developments pushing for ladies rights would happen and come in 1920, the nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution would accord ladies the opportunity to participate in the U.S. casting a ballot work out. Some interval changes to migration and naturalization laws in 1940s and 1950s would likewise open the training to certain classes however only one out of every odd Asian Pacific American. The last obstructions to minority casting a ballot rights in the U.S. at last came in the year 1965, after the sanctioning of the enactment that didn't just authorize the fifteenth Amendment however that would order a countrywide denial on perspectives restricting democratic rights for minorities over the states. Noneth eless, paying little heed to these critical revisions, the American youth despite everything came up short on the option to cast a ballot and it was not until the entry of the 26th Amendment in July, 1971 when they had the option to do so following the decrease of the base democratic age from 21 to 18 years old. Today, the American youth simply like any other person reserve the option to completely acknowledge both their obligation and option to choose their pioneers and agents in the administration (Fowler, 2007).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, regardless of these huge government enactment and corrections in the U.S. Constitution on the democratic rights, there are still some prominent difficulties to approach and reasonable execution of the activity. Among the significant difficulties is the race/sex issue whereby elective positions, pri vileges and different advantages accompany one’s status and culture in the class-isolated society of America. Inconsistent and out of line casting a ballot practice in the cutting edge U.S. is likewise liable to result from different mentalities coordinated towards assorted populace where settlers have restricted rights or even no rights at all contrasted with certified American residents. Another enormous test here is that, numerous individuals would be against any type of governmental policy regarding minorities in society essentially for their conviction that it is probably going to damage a feeling of decency. These are a portion of the downsides confronting reasonable and equivalent democratic in present day U.S. what's more, this is the ideal opportunity for solid certifiable activities to be embraced towards revising such disparities, for a superior America. References Bickel, A. (1966). The Voting Rights Cases. The Supreme Court Review, 1966 (67), 79-102. Dinnerstein, L. also, Reimers, D. (1975). Ethnic Americans: A background marked by migration and absorption. History: Reviews of New Books, 4 (1), 17-17. Donald, G. (1998). An Introduction to Arizona History and Government. sixth Ed. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing. Fowler, K. (2007). Misleading Voting Practices and Voter Intimidation in the Wake of United States v. Charleston County. Charleston L. Fire up, 2 (17), 733.Advertising Searching for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More

Respect Army Nco free essay sample

The Noncommissioned Officer Corp is the foundation of an expert armed force. Through genuine hands on encounters, and movement through the enrolled positions, the NCO ought to be in a place of self-assurance and regard, that their position alone should request regard from both enrolled warriors and our officials, in light of the fact that the NCO is in an initiative position, and regarding at any rate their position and authority is required by guideline. The Unite States Army doesn't make the town’s dolt a NCO. A NCO is the person who has been there, done that, and has experienced a floor covering street. They are the ones who get the mission accomplished.The NonCommisioned Officer is the foundation of the military. They are the ones with the experience that is required to be a voice of reason. Customarily, it requires a limited parity of authority capacity and great sound judgment to appropriately impact both the Officers and Junior Enlisted Soldiers to guarantee that each part of a strategic preparing occasion happen to standard. We will compose a custom exposition test on Regard Army Nco or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page NCOs lead, educate, train, coach, manage and care for warriors. Non Comissioned officials are the ones that can bode well out of disarray. Try to avoid panicking under tension (and enduring an onslaught) and are generally answerable for everything that occurs or neglects to occur in the military.Officers arent instructed to walk by officials, they are educated by NCOs. Nobody figures out how to shoot a rifle without and NCO. Essential preparing and certain components of the Officer Basic Course are instructed by NCOs. Without regard to NCOs, you free alot that manages the essential fundementals of good military request and control. Fighters imagine that they reserve a privilege to regard when they join the Army, and they do, however they regularly overlook that the NCOs who are there to lead them have earned theirs. They have been there and done that. The NCO is the thing that makes the military of today. That is actually the motivation behind why you or nobody beneath and NCO

Tradition 7 of the 12 Traditions of AA

Tradition 7 of the 12 Traditions of AA Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print A Study of Tradition 7 in AA The 12 Traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous and Al-Anon By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 29, 2020 Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use By being self-supporting and declining outside contributions, 12-step groups protect the fellowship structure and basic spiritual foundations. Tradition 7 of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) says, Every group ought to be fully self-supporting, declining outside contributions. Being Self-Supporting One of the principals of the 12-step support groups is that each member is responsible for his or her own recovery. The first part of Tradition 7 makes it clear that responsibility extends to the members of each local group as it passes the basket for contributions to pay the rent and maintain its literature library. If the group collects more than is necessary to meet its expenses, the group can contribute to its World Service Office, which also follows this tradition by accepting no outside contributions. Although such contributions have fallen off in recent years, they are important in helping to carry the message worldwide. Rejecting Outside Contributions The second part of this tradition addresses the issue of the fellowship not becoming involved with outside issues or conflicts that could arise by accepting outside contributions. If such contributions were accepted the group and its members might feel obligated to make some kind of concessions to the individual or organization making the donation. Declining these contributions keeps the fellowship independent from outside influences. It also cuts out the need to constantly chase donor funding and government grants. As the Internet became a part of  daily life, members of 12-step groups naturally began gathering together online for mutual support. Many of 12-step online support groups (but not all) were able to adhere to Tradition 7 and remain self-supporting, keeping outside advertising off of their websites and out of their online meetings. Taking Responsibility AA member Althea notes the many benefits of this tradition for the alcoholic, the group, and for AA as a whole. Many come to AA at rock bottom, without a job or place to stay. No payment is required at AA, but as the alcoholic gets sober and begins to make progress in other areas of his life, he is able to place a contribution in the basket at the meeting. It makes him responsible for the first time (for many) to take care of himself and give back to the group. Those in AA who have been in the program for years might think they have contributed enough and leave the burden of being financially responsible to newcomers. The AA co-founders understood this and Tradition 7 protects the program from getting outside help. The program shows how an alcoholic who was socially irresponsible came to be responsible. Enhancing Dignity The dignity of the member is also built by allowing him to take care of the groups needs. AA member Tigger notes, For a long time some of us were that pitiful drunk. Some people felt we were only looking for a handout in life. Maybe some of us were, but no more. Now with our pennies, we help  maintain our own sobriety. We need to only rely on ourselves and each other for the most precious gifts: dignity and sobriety. AA member Chuck notes, We didnt and dont take money from outsiders, no matter how kind or well-intentioned. W.H.O. stands for We Help Ourselves.

There Has Been A Growing Gap Between The Rich And Poor

There has been a growing gap between the rich and poor in the world today. This is also known as economic inequality which consists of disproportions in the distribution of income and wealth between rich and the poor. This essay will look into two articles, firstly it will analyze the disparity of wealth between rich and poor in United States. This essay will also try to explain why there is so much inequality by using different sociological theories. According to the Bloomberg (2017) article the gap between the rich and poor in US is widening, the report states, â€Å"the difference in annual income between households in the top 20 percent and those in the bottom 20 percent -- ballooned by $29,200 to $189,600 between 2010 and 2015, based on†¦show more content†¦Whereas a person born in a poor family will struggle to get quality college degree because that person does not have enough money to go to a university. This again shows the differences in social class and what can be archived. Another good example would be nannies. Most of the rich families pay low wages to them when they take care of families’ children. Same thing applies to gardeners who look after the flower gardens or maids who pick and clean laundries. They have no means to move ahead in life meaning they cannot be successful because they earn low wages and depend on paycheck to paycheck lifestyle to survive where there is not much savings. This system of class stratification has been continuing from generations, those who have been born into a wealthier family are supposed to have more chance of getting better education and health and having a head start over society, that remains in the lesser part of wealth. Disparity shadows generation to generation. Moving on, functionalist s theory is constructed on meritocracy and that its functions are education, occupation, income, high and low achievements. â€Å"The meritocracy argument states that those who get ahead in society do so based on their own merit†. (Carls 2013. Pp 31) Functionalist says that we all can climb the ladder which is based upon our accomplishments. As this theory is based on rewards such as higher jobs which means equally higherShow MoreRelatedThe Context Of Growing Economic Interdependence1672 Words   |  7 Pagescontext of growing economic interdependence (globalisation); inequality is both growing within and between nations. In turn, analysing the following the following statement that â€Å"Inequality can undermine economic, social and perhaps even political stability. It can tear the very fabric that holds society together. We now have firm evidence that a severely skewed income distribution harms the pace and sustainability of growth over the longer term. The growing gap between the rich and poor is now atRead MoreSocial Classes Of The Rich And The Poor1535 Words   |  7 Pagespower. It has been seen the most in government with the two political parties of the Democrats and the Republicans. This is evident in other systems because of the increased need in humans to gain and take whatever power that they might be able to. Not far off from government, this is seen in the economy, but it isn’t a longterm, straightforward battle. The two forces fighting against another are the social classes of the rich and the poor. This isn’t a battle for power on the side of the poor, but forRead MoreDisparity Between The Wealthy And Poor874 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerns, and generates the social issue. As time goes on, widening disparity between the wealthy and poor is one of the greatest challenges, and it seriously impedes economic development. Since widening income gap, the number of poor people will increase, and the poor will become poorer. According to Pomeroy (2014, p.1), the wealthy are becoming more wealthy and have more power on â€Å"economic pie† while the poor are becoming poorer through capital accumulation at an extremely rapid rate. As weRead MoreAssessed Essay Question:. ‘The Problem Of Poverty Is A1179 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy and nations’ economic development has been widely accepted by the public around the world. However, people are not subjectively willing to face the increasing economic inequality between the rich and the poor, meanwhile, people are objectively unwilling to accept the reality of wealth polarization. The recent trends of global economic inequality mainly include: the sheer number of impoverished people is increasi ng; the developed countries and a few rich people master the majority of wealth inRead MoreIncome Gap in Canada949 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion One: It is often said that in Canada, â€Å"The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer.† Respond. Be certain to differentiate between income and wealth. How has the occupy movement contributed to this debate? Inequality in Canada is a growing problem. As income rises for the rich and remains the same for the poor, a gap is forming between Canada’s highest and lowest earners. This gap has sparked outrage by some, resulting in the Occupy Movement, and apathy in others. HoweverRead MoreEssay about The New International Economic Order1027 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Order The gap between the rich and the poor is growing more and more every day. Something has got to be done to solve this issue. In 1974 members of the Third World gathered together at the United Nations. Their purpose was to find the answers to solve the gap between the rich and the poor. A total of seventy-seven members proposed the NIEO, hoping this might solve the gap. The NIEO stands for the New International Economic Order. Its aim was to bring the rich and the poor countries togetherRead MoreSo Much Inequality in Our World1677 Words   |  7 Pagesis keep growing. We need to think about why inequality is keep growing and not getting batter as the time goes. Growing inequality is the one of the biggest and most challenging social and economic changes that we have to make. People’s concern these days is inequality about the fact that richest 1% in United States have so much more than anybody else in America, and the fact that a lot of people are suffering from the poverty in United States. Today, the rate of people becoming homeless has increasedRead MoreThe Impact Of A Minimum Wage Increase1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of a Minimum Wage Increase Who gets paid the minimum wage? Well, at some point in our lives we all have been paid the minimum wage. But who are those people earning the minimum wage right at this moment? These are the people who have menial jobs. They work in restaurants, retail stores, bars, and maintenance services (OEA, 9). In 2014, the city of San Francisco proposed an initiative indicating that it would raise the minimum wage to $15 by 2018 (Ballotpedia). So would a typical low-wageRead MoreGender And Race Income Inequality1473 Words   |  6 PagesSince the beginning of human history there has always been a power structure; who is to be on top and who is to be in the bottom. So, it comes to no surprise that America has a growing gap between the wealthy and everyone else. The United States is known as a melting pot and a country full of opportunities for all but it is also the place where upper class makes millions in an hour and the lower class only makes minimum wage. United States thrives on promoting everyone is created and treated equallyRead MoreA Poor Child Of Poverty924 Words   |  4 PagesA poor child sentenced to a lifetime of poverty is caused by the foundations of his or her education. When a child is raised on the losing side of the social spectrum goes to school, it isn’t the school that could potentially bring them out from the depths of poverty, but one that keeps them drowning in the same things their parents did. Unlike the poor, the middle class has a lead way to both sides. They are far enough up the spectrum to work hard to reach the top or give up and hit the bottom and

Brittany Maynards Use Of Physician-Assisted Suicide

When death is brought into conversation, most might think of the elderly peacefully passing away in the night or the opposite with horrific accidents where an individual cannot be saved, but very little do people consider individuals who make the choice to end it all. As all should know, this act is called suicide and most have a negative perception of it. But what if it is for the greater good? In one of many cases, California native, Brittany Maynard, made the decision to end her life after suffering through the pain of debilitating headaches caused by brain cancer. Maynard received help in her departure through the use of physician-assisted suicide. The acceptance of this procedure is very limited seeing as though it is only legal in a†¦show more content†¦Oregon. According to Daniel E. Brannon and his article â€Å"Gonzales v. Oregon (2006)†, this case was brought to attention thirty-one years after the United States had passed the Controlled Substance Act of 1970 when â€Å"the U.S. attorney general attempted to issue an interpretation...which would would prevent physicians from administering the drugs necessary for the assisted suicide process† (2011). The attorney general, John Ashcroft, deemed physician-assisted suicide as an illegitimate medical practice and any doctor who practiced it â€Å"would have their license revoked† (Brannon, 2011). Often, the act is seen as illegitimate because people believe that it is unethical to end ones own life. In cases like murder, it extremely wrong because the dying person had no consent, but when the patient gives consent and has the ultimate power in taking the medication, they should have the right to proceed. Disease In an individual’s decision to apply for physician-assisted suicide, the reasons for which they provide are most likely related to diseases they have or are developing. In Maynard’s case, she had developed brain cancer and in researching cures, found that the effects would leave her â€Å"quality of life...gone† (Maynard, 2014). The treatment called for full brain radiation which would have leftShow MoreRelatedThe Progressive Case Against Assisted Suicide1413 Words   |  6 PagesBrittany Maynard was given six months to live after being diagnosed with the deadliest form of brain cancer; she had recently just turned 29. To make matters worse, doctors had told her she would suffer from the tumor in a slow and painful manner before succumbing to death. Maynard decided she would die on November 1, a few days after her husband’s birthday under physician-assisted suicide. Unfortunately, she had to relocate from California, where her friends and family lived, t o Oregon in orderRead MoreAssisted Suicide And Death With Dignity1394 Words   |  6 Pages Playing God or Dying with Dignity For this assignment, I read four articles in all—two that are decidedly against what they call â€Å"assisted suicide†, and two that are decidedly supportive of what they call â€Å"death with dignity†. This has become legalized for terminally-ill patients with prognoses of surviving no longer than six months, first in Oregon in 1998, but since then Washington, California, and Vermont. It has also been legalized in SwitzerlandRead MorePlaying God Or Dying With Dignity1525 Words   |  7 Pagespositive mode and the doctors remedy give us bleak hope†¦We look to other means of consolation to keeps us going or to bring us to a sudden end. For this assignment, I read four articles in all—two that are decidedly against what they call â€Å"assisted suicide†, and two that are decidedly supportive of what they call â€Å"death with dignity†. This has become legalized—for terminally-ill patients with prognoses of surviving no longer than six months—first in Oregon in 1998, but since then Washington, CaliforniaRead MoreThe Debate Of Assisted Suicide1747 Words   |  7 Pages The topic of assisted suicide is very controversial and is heavily debated upon all around the world. While physician assisted suicide is only legal in the Netherlands, Switzerland, and a few states in the U.S., it is illegally practiced widely by physicians and nurses, such as Dr. Jack Kevorkian. I first heard of physician assisted suicide when the death of Dr. Kevorkian, an assisted suicide advocate and a suicide aid, was on the news in 2011. Kevorkian assisted in the suicide of many patientsRead MoreEuthanasi An Ethical And Logical Option952 Words   |  4 Pagescare costs tremendously, and vital organs can be saved and used on patients that are curable. Physician-assisted suicide could help terminally ill people maintain a practical and satisfactory ending to their life. In doing so, it would give the patients time to say goodbye to their families, friends, and loved ones. It would put an end to their pain and suffering with a quick and compassionate death. We use euthanasia to end the pain and suffering on animals, why are we incapable of showing the sameRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Act Of Killing Someone1284 Words   |  6 Pagestype of euthanasia is physician-assisted suicide, which is the use of a particular medicine given to a patient by a doctor to cause a peaceful death. This a very controversial topic when it comes to the subject of terminal or severe illnesses such as cancer and dementia. Brittany Maynard is a well-known example of person who took her own live under Oregon’s aid-in-dying law due to her condition with terminal brain cancer in November of 2014. Instances such as Brittany Maynard’s situation has b roughtRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide2123 Words   |  9 PagesLegalizing physician-assisted suicide can give the dying individual comfort in knowing that they have options. Physicians presently are allowed to relieve the dying of their pain and suffering by administering lethal doses of pain medications. Terminally ill patients should be able to access lethal doses of medicine voluntarily through their physician to allow them the choice of death. Strong morals and ethics surrounding this issue have split society on whether or not physician-assisted suicide shouldRead More`` My Dream `` By Brittany Maynard1655 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"My dream is that every terminally ill American has access to the choice to die on their own terms with dignity. Please take an active role to make this a reality† (qtd â€Å"Brittany Maynard Fund†). Brittany Maynard Diaz, a 29-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Glioblastoma and only given six months to l ive, turned her tragedy into a legacy when she chose to die with dignity. She became an advocate for the â€Å"Compassion and Choices End of Life Consultation or EOLC† program by sharing her story andRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1656 Words   |  7 Pagespatient against their will (NHS Choices). Practicing euthanasia is not about the right to kill; it makes economic sense, does not target the vulnerable, does not lead to horrifying alternatives, and does not violate the Hippocratic Oath. While the use of euthanasia is against the will of God; with the act of euthanasia, allowing people to die with dignity is kinder than forcing them to continue their lives with suffering. â€Å"Euthanasia is making people die, rather than letting them die† (Marker 7)Read MoreA Philosophical Analysis Of Assisted Suicide Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesA Philosophical Analysis of Assisted-Suicide The story of Brittany Maynard is a very tragic one. Brittany was diagnosed with an aggressive form of brain cancer at the tender age of 29. No treatment could save her life and the treatments that were available would have greatly affected her physically, emotionally, and mentally. This diagnoses stripped her of starting a future with her newly-married husband and simply experiencing life to the best of her ability. Knowing this, and knowing that her

Al Qaeda 4 Free Essays

Paper 1 – Al-Qaeda 10/19/10 It would not at all be surprising if this decade comes to be known as the decade of terrorism in years to come. Since the turn of the millennium, terrorism, maybe more than any other global issue or topic, has plagued the world stage with constant news and horror. It can be argued that terrorism is a problem with no solution and no end in sight. We will write a custom essay sample on Al Qaeda 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Islamic militant group, Al-Qaeda, is the most well known terrorist organization in the world. Al-Qaeda has been held accountable for some of the most tragic and horrifying acts of terror in history. Still, many people do not fully understand what Al-Qaeda is, who is behind it, and why it exists. A fluid, agreed-upon definition does not exist for the extremist organization, run by Osama bin Laden and responsible for the September 11th terrorist attacks, but rather a multitude of beliefs on the number, strength, and whereabouts of Al-Qaeda. Most researchers and historians point to August 11th, 1988 as the origin of Al-Qaeda as an organized group. However, it was the events leading up to this meeting that caused Osama bin Laden and a small group of extremist leaders to officially organize what had grown into a large, strong Islamic following. From December 1979 through February 1989, the Soviet Union was engaged in a war with Afghanistan. The communist Soviet Union allied with the Afghan Marxist regime in order to fight the native Afghan mujahideen (Burke and Allen). The United States channeled funds to the native Afghanis in order to stop the spread of communism by the Soviet Union in a CIA program called Operation Cyclone. There are many people today that are of the belief that it was this CIA program that kick started Al-Qaeda, and that the US was directly responsible for the growth and success of the same terrorist organization that executed the most devastating attack on US soil (Dixon). Once the war ended, Osama bin Laden met with the leader of the Egyptian Islamic-Jihad, Abdullah Azzam and planned to expand their newly founded organization. Al-Qaeda relocated to Sudan from 1992 to 1996. During this time, Al-Qaeda grew through various forms of terrorist attacks, until the Saudi Arabian government exiled Osama bin Laden and forced him and his followers to once again relocate to avoid conflict (Bergen). After the Soviets left Afghanistan, there was a period of great turmoil and anarchy that took hold. There was no established form of government, and many separate groups claimed the rights to certain territories throughout the country. This was the perfect time for bin Laden and Al-Qaeda to return home and regain power in Afghanistan. They teamed up with the Taliban, an organization that garnered its strength through the education and training of children. The Taliban had been the most successful group to rise to power, and many recognized them as the governing entity in Afghanistan. With the protection and support from the Taliban, bin Laden was able to mobilize and organize Al-Qaeda into a dominant and strategically planned terrorist organization (Burke and Allen). Al-Qaeda’s mission has been summarized as â€Å"centralization of decision and decentralization of execution. In other words, bin Laden hoped to form a group in which he and a few close advisors would set out guidelines and make decisions for the smaller cells that would then spread around throughout the world and execute his attacks. Structurally, Al-Qaeda is formed just like any other corporation, with senior executives at the top and then smaller, less powerful roles towards the bottom. Bin Laden is the emir, which is the highest power in t he organization, almost king-like. Ayman al-Zawahiri is Al-Qaeda’s Deputy Operations Chief, and is known as bin Laden’s second in command. Similar to other organizations and corporations, Al-Qaeda has several divisions that handle issues specific to their role. First, the Military Operative is the most destructive and infamous. It is responsible for training soldiers, acquiring weapons, and planning attacks around the world. Second, the Money/Business Committee is responsible for providing the funding for the training operatives and attacks, using the hawala banking system (informal value transfer system that is not used in the United States). The Law Committee rules on whether certain actions follow Islamic law. The Islamic Study/Fatwa Committee issues religious edicts, also known as fatwas, that the rest of the organization and even the territory it controls must follow. For example, in 1998, Al-Qaeda issued a fatwa that all Muslims should kill any American if given the chance. The most recent addition to Al-Qaeda has been the formation of As-Sahab, Al-Qaeda’s media outlet that supplies video and audio recordings and sends them out to the rest of the world (Inside Al-Qaeda). Tapes of bin Laden have been released to the United States where he takes responsibility for the September 11th attacks, as well as numerous other hateful speeches about the evils of Western culture and perceived Muslim intolerance. Although there is a large following of people that believe Al-Qaeda has been dismantled and broken down since the War on Terror, evidence still points to a structurally organized and strategically planned organization in which each department works in conjunction with each other to carry out acts of terror. Osama bin Laden is advised by a Shura Council, estimated to consist of twenty to thirty members, who make plans and decisions for the entire organization. They recently released a document called â€Å"Al-Qaeda’s Strategy to the Year 2020† in which they outlined their military, political, and religious goals for the organization in the upcoming years. The strategy can be summarized into five stages. First, provoke the United States into invading a Muslim country. This was successfully executed once the United States invaded Afghanistan following the September 11th attacks. Second, incite local resistance to occupying forces. This way, Al-Qaeda creates the enemy and turns the natives against the foreign invaders, thereby leaving them as the only reliable solution to restore â€Å"peace†. Third, engage surrounding countries in the war so that the United States is trapped in a â€Å"long war of attrition†. Fourth, convert Al-Qaeda into a set of operating principles and ideologies that can be franchised into smaller countries and smaller cells. Then, these cells will engage the United States and its allies until they can no longer fight and must withdraw. Al-Qaeda was able to do this with the 2004 Madrid train bombings, but failed to impact British involvement with the July 7, 2005 London bombings. Finally, the fifth stage, which has thankfully yet to occur, is that the United States’ economy will crumble due to too many engagements in too many areas, and any allied nations supported by the United States will fall as well. Al-Qaeda will then be able to take control and set up the desired form of government, a Wahabi Caliphate, throughout the region (Atwan). Al-Qaeda has been responsible for several acts of terror in the 1990’s and 2000’s that were designed with the intent of furthering Al-Qaeda’s mission. In 1992, Al-Qaeda successfully executed its first terrorist attack. Two bombs were detonated in Aden, Yemen. The first target was Movenpick Hotel and the second was the parking lot of the Goldmohur Hotel. Although no Americans were killed and it went with little notice in the United States, the attack did signify the first attack on Western culture by Al-Qaeda. Then, in 1993, Ramzi Yousef used a truck bomb to explode one of the World Trade Center towers. The plan was that the bomb would crumble the foundation of the first tower, sending it into the second tower and resulting in the collapse of both. Although the plan did not work to perfection, it did kill six people and put Al-Qaeda on the radar as a potential threat to American security. There were several other attacks in the late 1990’s, such as the bombing of the U. S. S. Cole, a military destroyer based off of Yemen that killed 17 US servicemen (Terrorism Project). However, no attack in history has come close to the tragedy of September 11th, 2001. The September 11th attacks were the culmination and result of Al-Qaeda’s growth, organization, and mission. Once bin Laden was able to mobilize the extremist followers, he was ready to execute the first stage of its mission strategy. On September 11th, Al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial airliners. The hijackers flew two planes into both towers of the World Trade Center, eventually collapsing both towers into debris and destruction. Another plane crashed into the Pentagon, and a fourth was originally intended for Washington, D. C. , but crash-landed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. These attacks left 3,000 people dead and countless injured, allowing it to be the worst attack in American history (Bin Laden). Following the attacks, an extreme sense of national unity erupted in the United States, and George Bush’s administration had no choice but to wage war against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime. The War on Terror began on October 7, 2001 with the first set of US troops landing in Afghanistan. The original plan was executed swiftly and successfully, and by early 2002, Al-Qaeda had been dealt a serious blow. Many of its top executives and leaders were either captured or killed, and many of its training facilities and bases were destroyed. By the end of 2004, the United States government estimated that two-thirds of Al-Qaeda’s most senior figures had been captured and interrogated by the CIA. However, Osama bin Laden was able to escape each attempt at capture, and is still believed to be hiding out in an undisclosed location. Overall, the initial strike in the War on Terror was deemed a success, even though the aftermath has divided the nation and raised serious questions about the United States’ involvement in the Middle East (9/11 Commission Report). The world changed forever on September 11th, 2001. Aside from the tragic consequences and the unfathomable death toll, a new evil was officially born into the world. There had been terrorist attacks before, but none that shook the United States, and the world stage, as much as September 11th did. As a result, this decade has been plagued by fear of terror. New organizations and strategies have emerged that solely engage in counter-terrorist activities. Airport security has been completely revamped following an extreme fear in almost all Americans that caused aviation activity to decrease significantly after the attacks. So, after all that Al-Qaeda has been accused of, and after all the intense fear that spread throughout the country, why is it that there are still such differing beliefs and theories on Al-Qaeda? Why do some people believe that, for the most part, it has become a brand name that smaller terrorist groups use, but in reality have no real affiliation with the defeated organization? And on the other hand, why are there people who strongly contest these views and believe that Al-Qaeda is still a functioning, organized militia run by Osama bin Laden? I am not sure whether there is a right or wrong answer, but a serious concern in the minds of both beliefs is that terrorism, as a threat, could be one that proves insolvable. Works Cited â€Å"The 9/11 Commission Report. † National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. . Atwan, Abdel Bari. The Secret History of Al-Qaeda. Los Angeles, California: University of California, 2006. Google Books. Bergen, Peter. â€Å"The Osama Bin Laden I Know. Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. . â€Å"Bin Laden Claims Responsibility for 9/11. † CBC News. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. . Burke, Jason, and Paddy Allen. â€Å"The Five Ages of Al-Qaida. † Latest News, Comment and Reviews from the Guardian | Guardian. co. uk. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. . Dixon, Norm. â€Å"How the CIA Created Osama Bin Laden. † Green Left Weekly. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. . â€Å"Inside the Alqaeda Terrorist Network. † Middle East: MidEastWeb. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. . â€Å"List of Known Terrorist Organizations. † CDI – Center for Defense Information – Security Policy Research Organization. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. . How to cite Al Qaeda 4, Papers

Oh yeah Essay Example For Students

Oh yeah Essay David OcampoHonor English IV2/21/02The Use of Sound in Shakespeares Sonnetsby Barbara Herrnstein Smith This article argues that Shakespeares use of the meter, or general structure of sounds, in his poetry is as significant to his style as his metaphors, figurative language, and images. Shakespeare used developed techniques, however, he executed them more effectively. Shakespeare was able to execute the iambic to sound natural, similar to natural speech, rather than artificial and mechanical, as it usually sounds. Shakespeare was also able to manipulate words to create musical sounds with combinations and repetitions of vowel and consonant sounds. The article states that Shakespeare was able to master the musical potentialities of the language. This was perfectly executed through his use of complex distributions of phonetic elements, and operating with the internal rhythm, producing the true harmony of well-tuned sounds. Also, Shakespeare was able to manipulate the iambic meter to sound similar to natural speech. Traditional iambic meter poetry has a tendency to sound artificial and mechanical. However, Shakespeare was skillful enough to dominate the techniques of English poetry and, thus, was able to avoid the distorted natural emphasis of speech and evaded the mechanical regularity of thumping in such poetry. TIPS FOR WRITING YOUR REPORT?Plan the report. Select an idea or topic for your report. Gather information for your report. Identify the information you want to include in your report. Remember you should have at least three ways to support the main idea of your report. Include details and specific information that will help you make your point. Write a draft. Review what you have written. Try reading the report out loud. It can help you catch mistakes. Check spelling and punctuation. Each sentence should begin with a capital letter and end with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark. Create the final report. ?Add interest. Use graphs and charts to illustrate an idea. Include a picture, photo, drawing, or map. Find a quotation, and use it to make your point. ?Make every word count. Choose words your reader will understand. Remember you want to communicate your idea to the person reading your report. Avoid clichs. Use a thesaurus to replace overworked words and find new ways to express your ideas. Words/ Pages : 359 / 24